What is infant colic?

It is a very common problem in newborn babies, affecting more than 30% of infants. It is also known by names such as: three-month colic, evening colic, or gas colic. It occurs when the infant cries inconsolably for no apparent reason. The colic usually begins after feedings, although it can occur at any time, with late afternoon or evening being more common, and it can last for more than two hours.

These discomforts begin in the first week of life and can last for the first three months, occurring daily. They may be accompanied by leg flexion towards the abdomen, arm flexion, clenched fists, facial grimaces, general irritability, and the passing of intestinal gas.

What are the causes of colic?

• Increased production of intestinal gas or inability to eliminate it properly.
• Poor feeding technique, where the infant swallows too much air.
• Immaturity of the nervous and digestive system.
• Anxiety perceived by the parents affecting the baby.
• Overfeeding.
• Intolerance to infant formula or breast milk.

How to prevent it?

• Be mindful of the feeding position when breastfeeding or bottle-feeding.
• Ensure the baby feeds comfortably and latches onto the breast or bottle correctly.
• Allow the baby to burp after each feeding.
• After feeding, it's important to hold the child upright for a few moments until they burp.

What to do if the baby has colic?

• Do not force the baby to eat, as it would cause more pain.
• It's important to remain calm in order to convey this to the child and take them to the pediatrician at least once to discuss the issue.
• A pacifier can help calm the baby to prevent them from swallowing more air due to prolonged crying. Many times a colicky baby wants to suck since it relieves and comforts them, which can help them pass gas with peristaltic movements.
• The best approach is to calm the baby with physical contact, using rhythmic arm or crib movements. A baby carrier can also be used, as the upright position can be soothing. A gentle belly massage in a clockwise direction can be beneficial.
• Utilize external elements like dim light, soft music, continuous sounds, or even silence.
• Give the baby a warm bath to help them relax.

However, it's important to remember that colic is temporary and usually does not cause any physical harm to the baby, although it may cause discomfort.